Doctoral defence: Indrek Linnuste "Exploring the Possibility of Integrating Spirituality into Health Care and Rehabilitation System"

On 24 March at 8:15 Indrek Linnuste will defend his doctoral thesis "Exploring the Possibility of Integrating Spirituality into Health Care and Rehabilitation System" for obtaining the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Religous Studies).

Supervisor:

Professor Anne Kull, University of Tartu

Opponent:

Professor Kairi Kõlves, Griffith University (Australia)

Summary

A human being is not only a biological entity with psychological and social aspects but also a spiritual being with personal beliefs. Spirituality encompasses the search for meaning in life, fostering a connection with chosen and/or religious beliefs, values, and practices that provide a sense of purpose—both individually and within cultural and community contexts. The desire to connect with nature and unexplained phenomena has driven humanity to seek wholeness throughout history.

Although spirituality is difficult to define, it is not merely an abstract concept or theory but rather a deeply personal journey, experienced through a sense of the sacred. Spirituality cannot be imposed on anyone; instead, it can be recognized and nurtured, making it a valuable resource.

In healthcare and rehabilitation, the role of spirituality is often underestimated, despite its potential to significantly support patients in their healing and recovery. Hospitals are often places where individuals confront existential questions, including those related to death and suffering.

The aim ofthe doctoral dissertation is to highlight both the opportunities and the necessity of integrating the spiritual dimension into healthcare and rehabilitation. When visiting a physician or psychologist, people do not leave their personal beliefs behind. In many cases, spirituality is like the “elephant in the room”—a crucial aspect that is rarely addressed.

Many patients wish for healthcare professionals to consider their spiritual needs, yet this aspect is often overlooked. The primary reasons include time constraints, insufficient training, and discomfort in discussing existential topics.

However, research has shown that spiritual support can help patients better cope with illness, improve mental health, and enhance their quality of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) have recognized the importance of spirituality in healthcare. Numerous studies confirm that spirituality can be approached through evidence-based methods and integrated into clinical practice. One practical approach is incorporating spiritual assessments into healthcare professionals’ workflows to determine whether and what kind of spiritual support patients may need.

Integrating the spiritual dimension into healthcare services means considering the patient’s overall well-being. A person is not merely a medical case but an individual shaped by their cultural background, beliefs, and values. These include religious or spiritual worldviews, which may play a vital role in the healing process.